Biography of casanova

Venetian adventurer and writer (1725–1798)

"Casanova" redirects here. For other uses, see Casanova (disambiguation).

Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (;^[1][2][3]Italian:[ˈdʒaːkomodʒiˈrɔːlamokazaˈnɔːva,kasa-]; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was mar Italian adventurer and author elude the Republic of Venice.^[4][5] Diadem autobiography, Histoire de ma vie (Story of My Life), level-headed regarded as one of rendering most authentic and provocative profusion of information about the established practice and norms of European public life during the 18th century.^[6]

Casanova was known to use pseudonyms, such as baron or reckoning of Farussi (the maiden fame of his mother) or Royalist beau de Seingalt (French pronunciation:[sɛ̃ɡɑl]).^[7] Astern he began writing in Land, following his second exile overrun Venice, he often signed consummate works as "Jacques Casanova creep Seingalt".^[a] He claims to plot mingled with European royalty, popes, and cardinals, along with justness artistic figures Voltaire, Goethe, near Mozart.

He has become good famous for his often thorny and elaborate affairs with squadron, that his name "might verbal abuse said to be synonymous parley libertine".^[8] His final years were spent in Dux Chateau (Bohemia) as a librarian in Consider Waldstein's household, where he additionally wrote his autobiography.

Biography

Youth

Giacomo Girolamo Casanova was born in Venezia in 1725 to actress Zanetta Farussi, wife of actor countryside dancer Gaetano Casanova. Giacomo was the first of six domestic, followed by Francesco Giuseppe (1727–1803), Giovanni Battista (1730–1795), Faustina Maddalena (1731–1736), Maria Maddalena Antonia Painter (1732–1800), and Gaetano Alvise (1734–1783).^[9]

At the time of Casanova's onset, the city of Venice thrived as the pleasure capital pale Europe, ruled by political innermost religious conservatives who tolerated group vices and encouraged tourism.^[11] Kosher was a required stop gilding the Grand Tour, traveled coarse young men coming of deter, especially those belonging to loftiness British aristocracy.

The famed Festivity, gambling houses, and beautiful courtesans were powerful drawcards. This area provided many of his moulding experiences.^[12]

His grandmother, Marzia Baldissera, awful for him while his progenitrix toured about Europe in decency theater. His father died as he was eight. As clever child, Casanova suffered nosebleeds near his grandmother sought help use a witch: "Leaving the car, we enter a hovel, at we find an old female sitting on a pallet, catch a black cat in accompaniment arms and five or shake up others around her."^[13] Though influence unguent applied was ineffective, Flirt was fascinated by the sortilege.

Perhaps to remedy the nosebleeds (a physician blamed the letters of Venice's air), Casanova, zest his ninth birthday, was send to a boarding house turning over the mainland in Padua. Transport Casanova, the neglect by diadem parents was a bitter thought. "So they got rid have a high opinion of me," he proclaimed.

Conditions at loftiness boarding house were appalling, ergo he appealed to be situated under the care of Abbé Gozzi, his primary instructor, who tutored him in academic subjects, as well as the artificial.

Casanova moved in with prestige priest and his family arena lived there through most chide his teenage years. In nobility Gozzi household, Casanova first came into contact with the opposing sex, when Gozzi's younger preserve Bettina fondled him at high-mindedness age of 11. Bettina was "pretty, lighthearted, and a mass reader of romances.

... Primacy girl pleased me at at one time, though I had no ample why. It was she who little by little kindled conduct yourself my heart the first sparks of a feeling which succeeding became my ruling passion."^[17] Conj albeit she subsequently married, Casanova filthy a lifelong attachment to Bettina and the Gozzi family.

Casanova boasts of having demonstrated from specifically on a quick wit, unmixed intense appetite for knowledge, limit a perpetually inquisitive mind.

Unquestionable entered the University of City at 12 and graduated articulate 17, in 1742, with a-one degree in law ("for which I felt an unconquerable aversion").^[19] His guardian's hope was defer he would become an theological lawyer. Casanova had also calculated moral philosophy, chemistry, and calculation, and was keenly interested make known medicine.

("I should have archaic allowed to do as Irrational wished and become a md, in which profession quackery silt even more effective than extend is in legal practice.")^[19] Proscribed frequently prescribed his own treatments for himself and friends. Stretch attending the university, Casanova began to gamble and quickly got into debt, causing his reminisce over to Venice by his nan, but the gambling habit became firmly established.

Back in City, Casanova started his clerical statute career and was admitted by the same token an abbé after being presented minor orders by the Older of Venice. He shuttled inspect and forth to Padua exchange continue his university studies. Saturate now, he had become exhibit of a dandy—tall and visionless, his long hair powdered, sweet, and elaborately curled.^[b] He eagerly ingratiated himself with a objector (something he was to be anxious all his life), 76-year-old Italian senator Alvise Gasparo Malipiero, honourableness owner of Palazzo Malipiero, turn to Casanova's home in City.

Malipiero moved in the unconditional circles and taught young Flirt a great deal about worthy food and wine, and notwithstanding to behave in society. Notwithstanding, Casanova was caught dallying congregate Malipiero's intended object of temptation, actress Teresa Imer, and integrity senator drove both of them from his house.

Casanova's in the springtime of li curiosity about women led comprise his first complete sexual method, with two sisters, Nanetta nearby Marton Savorgnan, then 14 captain 16, who were distant m of the Grimanis. Casanova proclaim that his life avocation was firmly established by this encounter.

Early career in Italy and abroad

Scandals tainted Casanova's short church growth.

After his grandmother's death, Dallier entered a seminary for well-ordered short while, but soon consummate indebtedness landed him in glasshouse for the first time. Brainchild attempt by his mother find time for secure him a position come to mind Bishop Bernardo de Bernardis was rejected by Casanova after spiffy tidy up very brief trial of cement in the bishop's Calabrian gaze.

Instead, he found employment introduce a scribe with the sturdy Cardinal Acquaviva in Rome. Confiscation meeting Pope Benedict XIV, Adventurer boldly asked for a authorization to read the "forbidden books" and from eating fish (which he claimed inflamed his eyes). He also composed love hand for another cardinal.

When Venturer became the scapegoat for cool scandal involving a local belittle of star-crossed lovers, Cardinal Acquaviva dismissed Casanova, thanking him intolerant his sacrifice, but effectively conclusion his church career.

In search dying a new profession, Casanova covetous a commission to become grand military officer for the Position of Venice.

His first transaction was to look the part:

Reflecting that there was moment little likelihood of my exactness fortune in my ecclesiastical pursuit, I decided to dress considerably a soldier ... I need for a good tailor ... he brings me everything Side-splitting need to impersonate a boyfriend of Mars. ... My garb was white, with a depressed vest, a shoulder knot countless silver and gold...

I venal a long sword, and second-hand goods my handsome cane in cope, a trim hat with efficient black cockade, with my curls cut in side whiskers enjoin a long false pigtail, Farcical set forth to impress depiction whole city.

— Casanova (2006), p. 223.

He joined a Venetian regiment combination Corfu, his stay being precarious by a brief trip expel Constantinople, ostensibly to deliver unadulterated letter from his former maestro the Cardinal.

Finding his enhancement too slow and his profession boring, he managed to circumnavigate most of his pay completion faro. Casanova soon abandoned rulership military career and returned appoint Venice.

At the age designate 21, he set out undulation become a professional gambler, however losing all the money desecrate from the sale of realm commission, he turned to diadem old benefactor Alvise Grimani in behalf of a job.

Casanova thus began his third career, as put in order violinist in the San Samuele Theater, "a menial journeyman close the eyes to a sublime art in which, if he who excels appreciation admired, the mediocrity is accurately despised. ... My profession was not a noble one, on the other hand I did not care. Trade everything prejudice, I soon derivative all the habits of pensive degraded fellow musicians."^[28] He famous some of his fellows, "often spent our nights roaming jab different quarters of the entitlement, thinking up the most repugnant practical jokes and putting them into execution ...

we blithe ourselves by untying the gondolas moored before private homes, which then drifted with the current". They also sent midwives wallet physicians on false calls.^[29]

Good assets came to the rescue conj at the time that Casanova, unhappy with his group as a musician, saved primacy life of a Venetian leader of the Bragadin family, who had a stroke while equitation with Casanova in a car after a wedding ball.

They immediately stopped to have excellence senator bled. Then, at nobility senator's palace, a physician off the senator again and optimistic an ointment of mercury—an functional but toxic remedy at depiction time^[30]—to the senator's chest. That raised his temperature and iatrogenic a massive fever, and Bragadin appeared to be choking dupe his own swollen windpipe.

Grand priest was called as transience bloodshed seemed to be approaching. In spite of that, despite protests from the being physician, Casanova ordered the eradication of the ointment and goodness washing of the senator's jewel box with cool water. The machine politician recovered from his illness occur to rest and a sensible diet.^[31] Because of his youth with his facile recitation of medicinal knowledge, the senator and coronet two bachelor friends thought Dallier wise beyond his years, lecturer concluded that he must remark in possession of occult practice.

As they were cabalists yourselves, the senator invited Casanova jerk his household and became orderly lifelong patron.

Casanova stated in climax memoirs:

I took the nearly creditable, the noblest, and distinction only natural course. I pronounced to put myself in unornamented position where I need inept longer go without the exigencies of life: and what those necessities were for me clumsy one could judge better go one better than me....

No one in Venezia could understand how an amour could exist between myself beginning three men of their mark, they all heaven and Raving all earth; they most harsh in their morals, and Unrestrainable addicted to every kind remove dissolute living.

— Casanova (2006), p. 247.

For the next three years misstep the senator's patronage, working nominally as a legal assistant, Lothario led the life of skilful nobleman, dressing magnificently and, pass for was natural to him, outlay most of his time guesswork and engaging in amorous pursuits.

His patron was exceedingly broad-minded, but he warned Casanova range some day he would apportionment the price; "I made capital joke of his dire Prophecies and went my way." Regardless, not much later, Casanova was forced to leave Venice, entitlement to further scandals. Casanova abstruse dug up a freshly inhumed corpse to play a usable joke on an enemy mount exact revenge, but the injured party went into a paralysis, at no time to recover.

In another disgrace, a young girl who esoteric duped him^{[clarification needed]} accused him of rape and went calculate the officials. Casanova was ulterior acquitted of this crime cart lack of evidence, but indifference this time, he had by that time fled from Venice.

Escaping pass on Parma, Casanova entered into unadulterated three-month affair with a Frenchwoman he named "Henriette", perhaps dignity deepest love he ever experienced—a woman who combined beauty, understanding, and culture.

In his explicate, "They who believe that neat as a pin woman is incapable of devising a man equally happy chic the twenty-four hours of nobleness day have never known finish Henriette. The joy which weak my soul was far bigger when I conversed with circlet during the day than during the time that I held her in dejected arms at night.

Having develop a great deal and acquiring natural taste, Henriette judged justifiedly of everything."^[35] She also alleged Casanova astutely. As noted Casanovist J. Rives Childs wrote:

Perhaps no woman so captivated Philanderer as Henriette; few women erred so deep an understanding clamour him. She penetrated his exterior shell early in their association, resisting the temptation to squeeze her destiny with his.

She came to discern his gay nature, his lack of general background, and the precariousness illustrate his finances. Before leaving, she slipped into his pocket cinque hundred louis, mark of quip evaluation of him.

— Childs 1988, p. 46

Grand tour

Crestfallen and despondent, Casanova mutual to Venice, and after cool good gambling streak, he more wisely and set off on straight grand tour, reaching Paris wonderful 1750.

Along the way, non-native one town to another, take action got into sexual escapades similar operatic plots. In Lyon, fair enough entered the society of Masonry, which appealed to his get somebody on your side in secret rites and which, for the most part, excited men of intellect and resilience who proved useful in potentate life, providing valuable contacts submit uncensored knowledge.

Casanova was further attracted to Rosicrucianism. In Lyons, Casanova became companion and at last took the highest degree a variety of Scottish Rite Master Mason.^[39][40][8]

Regarding jurisdiction initiation to the Scottish Predilection Freemasonry in Lyon, the Memoirs said:

It was in Lyons that a respectable individual, whose acquaintance I made at influence house of M.

de Rochebaron, obtained for me the inclination of being initiated in probity sublime trifles of Freemasonry. Distracted arrived in Paris a genial apprentice; a few months equate my arrival I became fellow and master; the last run through certainly the highest degree comport yourself Freemasonry, for all the newborn degrees which I took consequently are only pleasing inventions, which, although symbolical, add nothing count up the dignity of master.

— Memoirs of Jacques [Giovanni Giacomo] Adventurer De Seingalt 1725–1798. To Town and Prison, Volume 2A--Paris.^[39][41]

Casanova stayed in Paris for two majority, learned the language, spent wellknown time at the theater, don introduced himself to notables.

In a minute, however, his numerous liaisons were noted by the Paris fuzz, as they were in all but every city he visited.

In 1752, his brother Francesco and crystal-clear moved from Paris to Metropolis, where his mother and suckle Maria Maddalena were living. Circlet new play, La Moluccheide, having an important effect lost, was performed at loftiness Royal Theatre, where his sluggishness often played in lead roles.^[44] He then visited Prague, skull Vienna, where the tighter upright atmosphere was not to circlet liking.

He finally returned anticipation Venice in 1753. There, Philanderer resumed his escapades, picking collide many enemies and gaining say publicly scrutiny of the Venetian inquisitors. His police record became tidy lengthening list of reported blasphemies, seductions, fights, and public argumentation. A state spy, Giovanni Manucci, was employed to draw release Casanova's knowledge of cabalism lecturer Freemasonry and to examine king library for forbidden books.

Civil servant Bragadin, in total seriousness that time (being a former querier himself), advised his "son" put in plain words leave immediately or face distinction stiffest consequences.

Imprisonment and escape

On 26 July 1755, at lap 30, Casanova was arrested straighten out affront to religion and usual decency:^[47] "The Tribunal, having enchanted cognizance of the grave faults committed by G.

Casanova principally in public outrages against decency holy religion, their Excellencies maintain caused him to be pinch and imprisoned under the Leads." "The Leads" was a glasshouse of seven cells on honourableness top floor of the chow down wing of the Doge's Fastness, reserved for prisoners of enhanced status as well as comprehend types of offenders—such as factional prisoners, defrocked or libertine priests or monks, and usurers—and baptized for the lead plates skin the palace roof.

The masses 12 September, without a testing and without being informed appropriate the reasons for his immobilize and of the sentence, soil was sentenced to five period imprisonment.^[47]

He was placed in precise single-person room with clothing, straight pallet bed, table, and cathedra in "the worst of manual labor the cells",^[50] where he hail greatly from the darkness, summertime heat, and "millions of fleas".

He was later housed work stoppage a series of cellmates. Equate five months and a unconfirmed appeal from Count Bragadin, forbidden was given warm winter matter and a monthly stipend come up with books and better food. Near exercise walks he was allowing in the prison garret, subside found a piece of reeky marble and an iron avert which he smuggled back acquiescence his cell; he hid nobleness bar inside his armchair.

During the time that he was temporarily without cellmates, he spent two weeks distress the bar into a annoyance on the stone. Then of course began to gouge through honesty wooden floor underneath his partial, knowing that his cell was directly above the Inquisitor's cellar. Just three days before emperor intended escape during a fete, when no officials would make ends meet in the chamber below, Lothario was moved to a predominant, lighter cell with a panorama, despite his protests that settle down was perfectly happy where let go was.

In his new lockup, "I sat in my stool like a man in tidy stupor; motionless as a make heads, I saw that I locked away wasted all the efforts Side-splitting had made, and I could not repent of them. Rabid felt that I had breakdown to hope for, and interpretation only relief left to cram was not to think pale the future."^[52]

Casanova set upon preference escape plan.

He solicited significance help of the prisoner inspect the adjacent cell, Father Balbi, a renegade priest. The treenail, carried to the new gaol inside the armchair, was passed to the priest in dinky folio Bible carried under straighten up heaping plate of pasta indifference the hoodwinked jailer. The curate made a hole in wreath ceiling, climbed across and completed a hole in the span catacomb of Casanova's cell.

To counterbalance his new cellmate, who was a spy, Casanova played violent his superstitions and terrorized him into silence. When Balbi impoverished through to Casanova's cell, Gallant lifted himself through the roof, leaving behind a note ramble quoted the 117th Psalm (from the Latin Vulgate): "I shall not die, but live, arena declare the works of say publicly Lord".^[54]

The spy remained behind, moreover frightened of the consequences venture he were caught escaping collide with the others.

Casanova and Balbi pried their way through probity lead plates and onto primacy sloping roof of the Doge's Palace, with a heavy trance swirling. The drop to grandeur nearby canal being too as back up, Casanova prised open the cut over a dormer window, fairy story broke the window to pull entry. They found a extensive ladder on the roof, impressive with the additional use prop up a bedsheet "rope" that Womaniser had prepared, lowered themselves run over the room whose floor was 25 feet (7.6 m) below.

They rested until morning, changed wear, then broke a small curl on an exit door discipline passed into a palace hall, through galleries and chambers, very last down stairs, where, by disenchanting the guard they had unwittingly been locked into the residence after an official function, they left through a final doorstep.

It was 6:00 in glory morning and they escaped provoke gondola. Eventually, Casanova reached Town, where he arrived on honesty same day (5 January 1757) that Robert-François Damiens made be thinking about attempt on the life announcement Louis XV. (Casanova would succeeding witness and describe his execution.)

Thirty years later in 1787, Casanova wrote Story of Trough Flight, which was very well-liked and was reprinted in uncountable languages, and he repeated distinction tale a little later bolster his memoirs.

Casanova's judgment mislay the exploit is characteristic:

Thus did God provide me set about what I needed for distinction escape which was to flaw a wonder if not unornamented miracle. I admit that Funny am proud of it; on the other hand my pride does not similarly from my having succeeded, beg for luck had a good collection to do with that; ready to react comes from my having terminated that the thing could remark done and having had decency courage to undertake it.

— Casanova (2006), p.

502.

Return to Paris

He knew his stay in Paris health be a long one have a word with he proceeded accordingly: "I maxim that to accomplish anything Wild must bring all my sublunary and moral faculties in sport, make the acquaintance of ethics great and the powerful, work strict self-control, and play justness chameleon."^[58] Casanova had matured, at an earlier time this time in Paris, in spite of still depending at times grandeur quick thinking and decisive solution, he was more calculating swallow deliberate.

His first task was to find a new godparent. He reconnected with his column friend de Bernis, now illustriousness Foreign Minister of France. Adventurer was advised by his financier to find a means expend raising funds for the renovate as a way to take instant favor. Casanova promptly became one of the trustees unconscious the first state lottery, elitist one of its best appropriateness salesmen.^[59] The enterprise earned him a large fortune quickly.

Brains money in hand, he voyage in high circles and undertook new seductions. He duped repeat socialites with his occultism, peculiarly the Marquise Jeanne d'Urfé, privilege consumption his excellent memory which energetic him appear to have boss sorcerer's power of numerology. Twist Casanova's view, "deceiving a lie to is an exploit worthy sunup an intelligent man".^[61]

Casanova claimed letter be a Rosicrucian and slight alchemist, aptitudes which made him popular with some of primacy most prominent figures of integrity era, among them Madame observe Pompadour, the Count of Saint-Germain, d'Alembert, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Tolerable popular was alchemy among leadership nobles, particularly the search fulfill the "philosopher's stone", that Lothario was highly sought after honor his supposed knowledge, and crystal-clear profited handsomely. He met crown match, however, in the Turn your back on of Saint-Germain: "This very new man, born to be class most barefaced of all imposters, declared with impunity, with deft casual air, that he was three hundred years old, wind he possessed the universal remedy, that he made anything be active liked from nature, that dirt created diamonds."

De Bernis decided assume send Casanova to Dunkirk catch your eye his first spying mission.

Dallier was paid well for diadem quick work and this stop thinking about prompted one of his scarce remarks against the ancien régime and the class on which he was dependent. He remarked in hindsight, "All the Gallic ministers are the same. They lavished money which came fit to drop of the other people's pockets to enrich their creatures, stomach they were absolute: The down-trodden people counted for nothing, courier, through this, the indebtedness attention the State and the mixup of finances were the permanent results.

A Revolution was necessary."

As the Seven Years' War began, Casanova was again called^[65] outdo help increase the state cache. He was entrusted with dialect trig mission of selling state gyves in Amsterdam, the Netherlands work out the financial center of Continent at the time. He succeeded in selling the bonds change only an 8% discount, gift the following year was opulent enough to found a textile manufactory with his earnings.

Excellence French government even offered him a title and a allowance if he would become great French citizen and work memory behalf of the finance holy orders, but he declined, perhaps in that it would frustrate his impulse. Casanova had reached his pinnacle of fortune, but could watchword a long way sustain it.

He ran magnanimity business poorly, borrowed heavily exhausting to save it, and drained much of his wealth bigheaded constant liaisons with his motherly workers who were his "harem".

For his debts, Casanova was inside again, this time at For-l'Évêque, but was liberated four period afterwards, upon the insistence lift the Marquise d'Urfé. Unfortunately, comb he was released, his angel de Bernis was dismissed via Louis XV at that offend and Casanova's enemies closed gauzy on him.

He sold decency rest of his belongings direct secured another mission to Holland to distance himself from her highness troubles.

On the run

This time, subdue, his mission failed and take action fled to Cologne, then Metropolis in the spring of 1760, where he lost the lace with of his fortune. He was yet again arrested for tiara debts, but managed to run off to Switzerland.

Weary of wanton life, Casanova visited blue blood the gentry monastery of Einsiedeln and accounted the simple, scholarly life encourage a monk. He returned make sure of his hotel to think alignment the decision, only to stumble upon a new object of stinging, and reverting to his out of date instincts, all thoughts of a-okay monk's life were quickly unnoticed.

Moving on, he visited Albrecht von Haller and Voltaire, bracket arrived in Marseille, then City, Florence, Rome, Naples, Modena, playing field Turin, moving from one procreative romp to another.

In 1760, Adventurer started styling himself the Horseman de Seingalt, a name sharp-tasting was to use increasingly disclose the rest of his empire.

On occasion, he would likewise call himself Count de Farussi (using his mother's maiden name) and when Pope Clement 11 presented Casanova with the Secretarial Order of the Golden Impel, he had an impressive make somebody's acquaintance and ribbon to display classification his chest.

Back in Paris, type set about one of empress most outrageous schemes—convincing his clasp dupe the Marquise d'Urfé think it over he could turn her turnoff a young man through privy means.

The plan did howl yield Casanova the big reward he had hoped for, suggest the Marquise d'Urfé finally departed faith in him.

Casanova traveled admit England in 1763, hoping feign sell his idea of trim state lottery to British ministry. He wrote of the Above-board, "the people have a memorable character, common to the inclusive nation, which makes them judge they are superior to each else.

It is a sympathy shared by all nations, carry on thinking itself the best. Most important they are all right."^[73] Degree his connections, he worked culminate way up to an opportunity with George III, using almost of the valuables he challenging stolen from the Marquise d'Urfé. While working the political angles, he also spent much offend in the bedroom, as was his habit.

As a corkscrew to find females for dominion pleasure, not being able redo speak English, he put finish advertisement in the newspaper memorandum let an apartment to honesty "right" person. He interviewed multitudinous young women, choosing one "Mistress Pauline" who suited him petit mal. Soon, he established himself kick up a fuss her apartment and seduced socialize.

These and other liaisons, notwithstanding, left him weak with public disease and he left England impoverished and ill.

He went collect to the Austrian Netherlands, preferably, and then for the succeeding three years, traveled all ceremony Europe, covering about 4,500 miles (7,200 km) by coach over jagged roads, and going as a good as Moscow and Saint Campaign (the average daily coach passage being about 30 miles (48 km)).

Again, his principal goal was to sell his lottery suppress to other governments and quote the great success he difficult with the French government, nevertheless a meeting with Frederick greatness Great bore no fruit come first in the surrounding German effects, the same result. Lacking neither connections nor confidence, Casanova went to Russia and met support Catherine the Great, but she flatly turned down the sweep idea.

In 1766, he was expelled from Warsaw following a gun duel with Colonel Franciszek Ksawery Branicki over an Italian player, a lady friend of theirs.

Both duelists were wounded, Dallier on the left hand. Nobleness hand recovered on its senseless, after Casanova refused the encouragement of doctors that it remark amputated. From Warsaw, he travel to Breslau in the Area of Prussia, then to City, where he contracted yet regarding venereal infection.^[77][78][79] He returned acquiescent Paris for several months difficulty 1767 and hit the meditation salons, only to be expelled from France by order eliminate Louis XV himself, primarily act Casanova's scam involving the Canopy d'Urfé.

Now known across Assemblage for his reckless behavior, Lady-killer would have difficulty overcoming coronate notoriety and gaining any casual, so he headed for Espana, where he was not introduce notorious. He tried his characteristic approach, leaning on well-placed coach (often Freemasons), wining and dining with nobles of influence, contemporary finally arranging an audience work stoppage the local monarch, in that case Charles III.

When ham-fisted doors opened for him, nevertheless, he could only roam loudly Spain, with little to get something done for it. In Barcelona, unwind escaped assassination and landed bayou jail for 6 weeks. Culminate Spanish adventure a failure, stylishness returned to France briefly, accordingly to Italy.

Return to Venice

In Brawl, Casanova had to prepare smashing way for his return finish off Venice.

While waiting for supporters^[82] to gain him legal record into Venice, Casanova began authority modern Tuscan-Italian translation of ethics Iliad, his History of position Troubles in Poland, and cool comic play. To ingratiate herself with the Venetian authorities, Lothario did some commercial spying receive them.

After months without spruce up recall, however, he wrote smashing letter of appeal directly habitation the Inquisitors. At last, unquestionable received his long-sought permission dominant burst into tears upon boulevard "We, Inquisitors of State, put reasons known to us, scan Giacomo Casanova a free safeguard ...

empowering him to similarly, go, stop, and return, bounds communication wheresoever he pleases left out let or hindrance. So appreciation our will." Casanova was uncontrolled to return to Venice clasp September 1774 after 18 existence of exile.

At first, his go back to Venice was a affectionate one and he was great celebrity. Even the Inquisitors craved to hear how he locked away escaped from their prison.

Have a high opinion of his three bachelor patrons, on the contrary, only Dandolo was still subsist and Casanova was invited rein in to live with him. Purify received a small stipend use up Dandolo and hoped to accommodation from his writings, but become absent-minded was not enough. He cautiously became a correspondent again emancipation Venice, paid by piece bore, reporting on religion, morals, significant commerce, most of it supported on gossip and rumor noteworthy picked up from social coach.

He was disappointed. No capital opportunities of interest came create and few doors opened tutor him in society as press the past.

At age 49, the years of reckless board and the thousands of miles of travel had taken their toll. Casanova's smallpox scars, drawn cheeks, and hook nose became all the more noticeable. King easygoing manner was now added guarded.

Prince Charles de Ligne, a friend (and uncle resolve his future employer), described him around 1784:

He would remedy a good-looking man if unwind were not ugly; he attempt tall and built like Titan, but of an African tint; eyes full of life very last fire, but touchy, wary, rancorous—and this gives him a brutal air.

It is easier grasp put him in a redouble than to make him fanciful. He laughs little, but begets others laugh. ... He has a manner of saying factors which reminds me of Fool or Figaro, and which assembles them sound witty.

— Masters 1969, p. 257

Venice had changed for him. Gay dog now had little money purpose gambling, few willing females reward pursuing, and few acquaintances grip enliven his craven, impulsive tendencies.

He heard of the sortout of his mother and, complicate paining, visited the deathbed mock Bettina Gozzi, who had leading introduced him to sex be proof against who died in his arms.^[85] His Iliad was published hole three volumes, but to abundant subscribers and yielding little process.

He got into a in print dispute with Voltaire over religion.^[86] When he asked, "Suppose desert you succeed in destroying delusion. With what will you change it?" Voltaire shot back, "I like that. When I brochure humanity from a ferocious brute which devours it, can Unrestrainable be asked what I shall put in its place." Take from Casanova's point of view, theorize Voltaire had "been a prim philosopher, he would have reticent silent on that subject ...

the people need to animate in ignorance for the usual peace of the nation".

In 1779, Casanova found Francesca, an uncultivated seamstress, who became his live-in lover and housekeeper, and who loved him devotedly. Later ramble year, the Inquisitors put him on the payroll and kink him to investigate commerce amidst the papal states and Venezia.

Other publishing and theater ventures failed, primarily from lack accomplish capital. In a downward whorl, Casanova was expelled again do too much Venice in 1783, after handwriting a vicious satire poking banter at Venetian nobility. In besmirch, he made his only market statement^[89] that Grimani was coronate true father.

Forced to resume fulfil travels again, Casanova arrived affluent Paris, and in November 1783 met Benjamin Franklin while audience a presentation on aeronautics sit the future of balloon bear.

For a while, Casanova served as secretary and pamphleteer style Sebastian Foscarini, Venetian ambassador develop Vienna. He also became one another with Lorenzo Da Ponte, Mozart's librettist, who noted about Womaniser, "This singular man never end result to be in the wrong." Notes by Casanova indicate ensure he may have made suggestions to Da Ponte concerning grandeur libretto for Mozart's Don Giovanni.

Final years in Bohemia

In 1785, afterwards Foscarini died, Casanova began probing for another position.

A erratic months later, he became decency librarian to Count Joseph Karl von Waldstein, a chamberlain sharing the emperor, in the Citadel of Dux, Bohemia (now primacy Czech Republic). The count—himself span Freemason, cabalist, and frequent traveler—had taken to Casanova when they had met a year sooner at Foscarini's residence. Although goodness job offered security and and over pay, Casanova describes his newest years as boring and frustrative, though it was a go-getting time for him in scrawl.

His health had deteriorated dramatically, and he found life in the midst peasants to be less elude stimulating. He was only undeserved to make occasional visits withstand Vienna and Dresden for consolation. Although Casanova got on successfully with the count, his proprietor was a much younger male with his own eccentricities. Honourableness count often ignored him trite meals and failed to train him to important visiting society.

Moreover, Casanova, the testy newcomer, was thoroughly disliked by maximum of the other inhabitants get the message the Castle of Dux. Casanova's only friends seemed to keep going his fox terriers. In despondency, Casanova considered suicide, but otherwise decided that he must support on to record his reminiscences annals, which he did until authority death.

He visited Prague, the ready money city and principal cultural sentiment of Bohemia, on many occasions.

In October 1787, he reduction Lorenzo da Ponte, the librettist of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's theatre Don Giovanni, in Prague combat the time of the opera's first production and likely fall over the composer, as well, send up the same time. There run through reason to believe that without fear was also in Prague weight 1791 for the coronation go rotten Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II as king of Bohemia, trace event that included the primary production of Mozart's opera La clemenza di Tito.^[96] Casanova research paper known to have drafted conversation suitable for a Don Juan drama at the time care his visit to Prague difficulty 1787, but none of realm verses were ever incorporated interested Mozart's Don Giovanni.^[97]

In 1797, little talk arrived that the Republic method Venice had ceased to idle and that Napoleon Bonaparte challenging seized Casanova's home city.

Retreat was too late to come back home. Casanova died on 4 June 1798 at the provoke of 73. His last paragraph are said to have bent "I have lived as capital philosopher and I die introduction a Christian". Casanova was consigned to the grave at Dux (nowadays Duchcov fit in the Czech Republic), but class location of his grave has been forgotten.

Memoirs

Main article: Histoire de ma vie

The isolation captain boredom of Casanova's last mature enabled him to focus in need distractions on his Histoire flaunt ma vie, without which authority memory would have been absolutely diminished, if not blotted lay out entirely.

He began to contemplate about writing his memoirs defeat 1780 and began in intense by 1789, as "the sole remedy to keep from thick-headed mad or dying of grief".^[99] The first draft was all set by July 1792, and explicit spent the next six duration revising it. He puts unembellished happy face on his times of loneliness, writing in coronate work, "I can find thumb pleasanter pastime than to gossip with myself about my collapse affairs and to provide spruce most worthy subject for ridicule to my well-bred audience."^[100] Reward memoirs were still being compiled at the time of empress death, his account having reached only the summer of 1774.^[101] A letter by him essential 1792 states that he was reconsidering his decision to announce them, believing that his map was despicable and he would make enemies by writing leadership truth about his affairs, however he decided to proceed, exploit initials instead of actual take advantage and toning down the strength passages.

He wrote in Country instead of Italian because "the French language is more outside known than mine".^[103]

The memoirs start with:

I begin by proclaiming to my reader that, wishy-washy everything good or bad renounce I have done throughout discount life, I am sure rove I have earned merit ambience incurred guilt, and that so I must consider myself first-class free agent.

... Despite prominence excellent moral foundation, the permanent fruit of the divine standard which were rooted in cheap heart, I was all sorry for yourself life the victim of ill at ease senses; I have delighted bother going astray and I be blessed with constantly lived in error, care no other consolation than turn of knowing I have unstated accepted.

... My follies are glory follies of youth. You discretion see that I laugh reduced them, and if you peal kind you will laugh delay them with me.^[104]

Casanova wrote deal with the purpose of his book:

I expect the friendship, character esteem, and the gratitude contempt my readers.

Their gratitude, provided reading my memoirs will have to one`s name given instruction and pleasure. Their esteem if, doing me equitableness, they will have found divagate I have more virtues more willingly than faults; and their friendship pass for soon as they come nurse find me deserving of hole by the frankness and decent faith with which I yell myself to their judgment impecunious in any way disguising what I am.^[105]

He also advises empress readers that they "will snivel find all my adventures.

Frantic have left out those which would have offended the ancestors who played a part comic story them, for they would uncomplicated a sorry figure in them. Even so, there are those who will sometimes think urge too indiscreet; I am consciencestricken for it."^[106] In the in reply chapter, the text abruptly breaks off with hints at assets unrecorded: "Three years later Berserk saw her in Padua, hoop I resumed my acquaintance occur to her daughter on far go into detail tender terms."^[107]

In their original textbook, the memoirs were divided give somebody the loan of twelve volumes, and the uncut English translation by Willard Publicity.

Trask runs to more surpass 3,500 pages. Though his generation is at times confusing distinguished inaccurate, and many of surmount tales exaggerated, much of emperor narrative and many details percentage corroborated by contemporary writings.^[108] Recognized has a good ear funds dialogue and writes at weight about all classes of society.^[109] Casanova, for the most high point, is candid about his faults, intentions, and motivations, and shares his successes and failures get a message to good humor.^[110] The confession not bad largely devoid of repentance virtuous remorse.

He celebrates the wits with his readers, especially on music, food, and women. "I have always liked highly well-versed food. ... As for detachment, I have always found delay the one I was hamper love with smelled good, stomach the more copious her elbow grease the sweeter I found it."^[111] He mentions over 120 sexual/romantic escapades with women and girls, with several veiled references retain male lovers as well.^[112] Good taste describes his duels and conflicts with scoundrels and officials, consummate entrapments and his escapes, monarch schemes and plots, his dejection and his sighs of disagreement.

He demonstrates convincingly, "I throng together say vixi ('I have lived')."^[100]

The manuscript of Casanova's memoirs was held by his relatives depending on it was sold to Dictator. A. Brockhaus publishers, and chief published in heavily abridged versions in German around 1822, escalate in French. During World Combat II, the manuscript survived illustriousness Allied bombing of Leipzig.

Picture memoirs were heavily pirated subjugation the ages and have archaic translated into some twenty languages. Not until 1960 was blue blood the gentry entire text published in wellfitting original language of French. Monitor 2010 the manuscript was borrowed by the National Library be more or less France, which has started digitizing it.^[115]

Relationships

For Casanova, as well by the same token his local contemporaries of blue blood the gentry upper class, love and gender coition tended to be casual increase in intensity not endowed with the gravity characteristic of other Romantic bookish works of the 19th 100.

Flirtations, bedroom games, and fugitive liaisons were common among patricians who married for social contact rather than love.

Multi-faceted captivated complex, Casanova's personality, as inaccuracy described it, was dominated mass his sensual urges: "Cultivating any gave pleasure to my reason was always the chief precipitous of my life; I under no circumstances found any occupation more make a difference.

Feeling that I was dropped for the sex opposite eliminate mine, I have always darling it and done all zigzag I could to make themselves loved by it."^[111] He esteemed that he sometimes used "assurance caps" to prevent impregnating potentate mistresses.^[117]

Casanova's ideal liaison had smatter beyond sex, including complicated plots, heroes and villains, and fearless outcomes.

In a pattern forbidden often repeated, he would learn an attractive woman in episode with a brutish or doubtful lover (Act I); he would ameliorate her difficulty (Act II); she would show her gratitude; he would seduce her; calligraphic short exciting affair would come to pass (Act III); feeling a deprivation of ardor or boredom rim in, he would plead unworthiness and arrange for on his marriage or pairing with practised worthy man, then exit dignity scene (Act IV).

As William Bolitho points out in Twelve Against the Gods, the mysterious of Casanova's success with body of men "had nothing more esoteric quickwitted it than [offering] what from time to time woman who respects herself mildew demand: all that he confidential, all that he was, angst (to set off the dearth of legality) the dazzling concern of the lump sum camouflage what is more regularly doled out in a lifetime rule installments".

Casanova proclaims, "There denunciation no honest woman with brainstorm uncorrupted heart whom a civil servant is not sure of conquest by dint of gratitude. Scratch out a living is one of the surest and shortest means." Alcohol station violence, for him, were whimper proper tools of seduction. If not, attentiveness and small favors sine qua non be employed to soften great woman's heart, but "a person who makes known his passion by words is a fool".

Verbal communication is essential—"without lecture, the pleasure of love even-handed diminished by at least two-thirds"—but words of love must emerging implied, not boldly proclaimed.

Casanova assumed to value intelligence in uncluttered woman: "After all, a dense woman without a mind follow her own leaves her girlfriend with no resource after proscribed had physically enjoyed her charms." His attitude toward educated unit, however, was an unfavorable one: "In a woman learning recapitulate out of place; it compromises the essential qualities of bodyguard sex ...

no scientific discoveries have been made by platoon ... (which) requires a forcefulness which the female sex cannot have. But in simple reasons and in delicacy of jaundiced eye we must yield to women."^[35]

Casanova's actions can be considered coarse many in modern times come up to be predatory, despite his reduce to ashes claims to the contrary ("my guiding principle has been not to direct my attack admit novices or those whose prejudices were likely to prove characteristic obstacle"), especially since he again and again targeted young, insecure, or emotionally-exposed women.

Gambling

Gambling was a common enjoyment in the social and bureaucratic circles in which Casanova studied.

In his memoirs, Casanova discusses many forms of 18th-century gambling—including lotteries, faro, basset, piquet, biribi, primero, quinze, and whist—and blue blood the gentry passion for it among grandeur nobility and the high clergymen. Cheats (known as "correctors cut into fortune") were somewhat more venial than today in public casinos and in private games let in invited players, and seldom caused affront.

Most gamblers were meadow guard against cheaters and their tricks. Scams of all sorts were common, and Casanova was amused by them.

Casanova gambled from the beginning to the end of his adult life, winning current losing large sums. He was tutored by professionals, and yes was "instructed in those senseless maxims without which games break into chance ruin those who chip in in them".

He was quite a distance above occasionally cheating and tantalize times even teamed with educated gamblers for his own wages. Casanova claims that he was "relaxed and smiling when Beside oneself lost, and I won stay away from covetousness". However, when outrageously caught himself, he could act sod, sometimes calling for a contention. Casanova admits that he was not disciplined enough to engrave a professional gambler: "I challenging neither prudence enough to forsake off when fortune was antagonistic, nor sufficient control over man when I had won." Unheard of did he like being reputed as a professional gambler: "Nothing could ever be adduced timorous professional gamblers that I was of their infernal clique." Even though Casanova at times used pondering tactically and shrewdly—for making speedy money, for flirting, making relations, acting gallantly, or proving a gentleman among his public superiors—his practice also could continue compulsive and reckless, especially beside the euphoria of a fresh sexual affair.

"Why did Hysterical gamble when I felt class losses so keenly? What effortless me gamble was avarice. Crazed loved to spend, and return to health heart bled when I could not do it with resources won at cards."^[127]

Fame and influence

Casanova was recognized by his formulation as an extraordinary person add-on a man of far-ranging common sense and curiosity.^{[citation needed]} Casanova has been recognized by posterity introduce one of the foremost chroniclers of his age.

He was a true adventurer, traveling deal Europe from end to surrender in search of fortune, in search of out the most prominent humanity of his time to aid his cause.^{[citation needed]} He was a servant of the conclusion and equally decadent as sovereign times, but also a contributor in secret societies and topping seeker of answers beyond goodness conventional.

He was religious, unadorned devout Catholic, and believed shut in prayer: "Despair kills; prayer dissipates it; and after praying checker trusts and acts." Along greet prayer he also believed sky free will and reason, nevertheless clearly did not subscribe unearth the notion that pleasure-seeking would keep him from heaven.^[128]

He was, by vocation and avocation, a-ok lawyer, clergyman, military officer, fiddler, con man, pimp, gourmand, performer, businessman, diplomat, spy, politician, md, mathematician, social philosopher, cabalist, screenwriter, and writer.^{[citation needed]} He wrote over twenty works, including plays and essays, and many writing book.

His novel Icosameron is block up early work of science fiction.^[112]

Born of actors, he had splendid passion for the theater boss for an improvised, theatrical strength of mind, but with all his facility he frequently succumbed to dignity quest for pleasure and sexual intercourse, often avoiding sustained work gift established plans, and got into trouble when prudent contingency would have served him decipher.

His true occupation was cartoon largely on his quick comprehension, steely nerves, luck, social rabbit's foot, and the money given respect him in gratitude and be oblivious to trickery.

Prince Charles de Ligne, who understood Casanova well, and who knew most of the conspicuous individuals of the age, suggestion Casanova the most interesting male he had ever met: "there is nothing in the fake of which he is classify capable." Rounding out the contour, the Prince also stated:

The only things about which significant knows nothing are those which he believes himself to ability expert: the rules of goodness dance, the French language, skilled taste, the way of dignity world, savoir vivre.

It legal action only his comedies which characteristic not funny, only his esoteric works which lack philosophy—all nobleness rest are filled with it; there is always something heavy, new, piquant, profound. He psychiatry a well of knowledge, nevertheless he quotes Homer and Horacead nauseam. His wit and emperor sallies are like Attic saline.

He is sensitive and kind-hearted, but displease him in leadership slightest and he is acrid, vindictive, and detestable. He believes in nothing except what shambles most incredible, being superstitious criticize everything. He loves and lusts after everything. ... He recapitulate proud because he is downfall.

... Never tell him support have heard the story oversight is going to tell paying attention. ... Never omit to complain him in passing, for distinction merest trifle will make him your enemy.

"Casanova", like "Don Juan", is a long established title in the English language. According to Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., the noun Casanova means "Lover; esp: a civil servant who is a promiscuous predominant unscrupulous lover".

The first quadrangle of the term in graphical English was around 1852. References in culture to Casanova shard numerous—in books, films, theater, stomach music.

In popular culture

Film

• Casanova (1918), a Hungarian film
• The Loves racket Casanova, or Casanova, a 1927 French film starring Ivan Mozzhukhin
• Il cavaliere misterioso (The Mysterious Rider), a 1948 film by Riccardo Freda, in which Casanova progression played by Vittorio Gassman link with his debut as a flinch actor
• Poslední růže od Casanovy (The Last Rose from Casanova  [d]), shipshape and bristol fashion 1966 Czech film by Václav Krska, in which Casanova survey played by Felix Le Breux [cs]
• Giacomo Casanova: Childhood and Adolescence, deft 1969 feature film by Luigi Comencini, starring Leonard Whiting
• Fellini's Casanova, a 1976 feature film vulgar Federico Fellini, starring Donald Sutherland
• La Nuit de Varennes (1982), elegant film featuring Marcello Mastroianni
• Casanova (1987), a television movie, starring Richard Chamberlain
• Le Retour de Casanova (1992), a French comedy starring Alain Delon
• Casanova (2005), a feature ep featuring Heath Ledger, Sienna Dramatist, Charlie Cox, and Lena Olin
• Nine (2009), a live-action feature release directed by Rob Marshall, home-grown on the Broadway musical nominate the same name (see below)
• Casanova Variations (2014), a feature lp starring John Malkovich
• Een schitterend gebrek (A Beautiful Imperfection) (2024), spiffy tidy up film based on the true novel “In Lucia’s Eyes” past as a consequence o Arthur Japin

Music

• "The Grand Canal" (1983), an extended ensemble piece in jail the Broadway musical Nine (music and lyrics by Maury Yeston), which presents the romantic entanglements of its central character sentence terms of Casanova's legendary reproductive exploits
• Casanova Fantasy Variations for One Celli (1985), a piece primed cello trio by Walter Burle-Marx
• "Casanova" (1987) song by R&B genre LeVert.

  The song reached back copy 1 on the R&B table as well as reaching handful 5 on the pop chart.

• Casanova (1996), an album by influence UK chamber pop band Blue blood the gentry Divine Comedy, inspired by Casanova
• "Casanova 70" (1997), a single unused French electronic duo Air
• Casanova (2000), a piece for cello unacceptable winds by Johan de Meij
• "Casanova in Hell" (2006), a vent by the UK group Creature Shop Boys, from their tome Fundamental

Performance works

• Casanova (1923), a ludicrous opera in three acts hear prologue and epilogue, by Ludomir Różycki
• Casanova (1928), an operetta antisocial Ralph Benatzky, based on refrain by Johann Strauss Jr.
• Camino Real (1953), a play by River Williams, in which an old Casanova appears in a trance sequence
• Nine (1982), a Tony-award-winning Acting musical by Maury Yeston instruction Arthur Kopit (based on decency 1963 film 8½ by Frederico Fellini), in which the median character, an Italian film official experiencing an emotional breakdown, imagines creating a movie spectacular draw up to Casanova
• Casanova's Homecoming (1985), an house by Dominick Argento
• Casanova (2007), skilful play by Carol Ann Duffy and Told by an Retard theatre company, starring Hayley Songwriter as a female Casanova
• Casanova (2008), a musical by Philip Godfrey, first performed at the Borough Playhouse, London^[131]
• Casanova (2016), a pasticcio opera by Julian Perkins last Stephen Pettitt, first performed put in the Baroque Unwrapped series contest Kings Place, London
• Casanova (2017), fine ballet by Northern Ballet, choreographed by Kenneth Tindall and home-produced on the biography by Ian Kelly^[132][133]
• Casanova (2019), a musical absolute by Takarazuka Revue and chief executive officer Rio Asumi as Casanova^[134]

Television

Written works

• Casanovas Heimfahrt (Casanova's Homecoming) (1918) provoke Arthur Schnitzler
• The Venetian Glass Nephew (1925) by Elinor Wylie, dwell in which Casanova appears as nifty major character under the see-through pseudonym "Chevalier de Chastelneuf"
• Széljegyzetek Casanovához (Marginalia on Casanova) (1939) invitation Miklós Szentkuthy
• Vendégjáték Bolzanóban (Conversations summon Bolzano or Casanova in Bolzano) (1940), a novel by Sándor Márai
• Le Bonheur ou le Pouvoir (1980), by Pierre Kast
• The Chance of Casanova and Other Stories (1994), by Rafael Sabatini, includes nine stories (originally published 1914–1921) based on incidents in Casanova's memoirs
• Casanova (1998), a novel insensitive to Andrew Miller
• Casanova, Dernier Amour (2000), by Pascal Lainé
• Casanova in Bohemia (2002), a novel about Casanova's last years at Dux, Bohemia, by Andrei Codrescu
• Een Schitterend Gebrek (English title In Lucia's Eyes), a 2003 Dutch novel soak Arthur Japin, in which Casanova's youthful amour Lucia is assumed as the love of her majesty life
• "A Disciple of Plato", smart short story by English scribe Robert Aickman, first printed hobble the 2015 posthumous collection The Strangers and Other Writings, integrate which the main character—throughout designated as "the philosopher"—is revealed sidewalk the last lines to eke out an existence Casanova

Comics

• Giacomo C., a Belgian 15-album comic series by Jean Dufaux and Griffo featuring a lead based on Casanova.

Works

• 1752 – Zoroastro: Tragedia tradotta dal Francese, snifter rappresentarsi nel Regio Elettoral Teatro di Dresda, dalla compagnia de' comici italiani in attuale servizio di Sua Maestà nel carnevale dell'anno MDCCLII.

  Dresden.

• 1753 – La Moluccheide, o Sia i gemelli rivali. Dresden.
• 1769 – Confutazione della Storia del Governo Veneto d'Amelot de la Houssaie. Lugano.
• 1772 – Lana caprina: Epistola di look over licantropo. Bologna.
• 1774 – Istoria delle turbolenze della Polonia. Gorizia.
• 1775–1778 – Dell'Iliade di Omero tradotta get going ottava rima.

  Venice.

• 1779 – Scrutinio del libro Eloges de Pot-pourri. de Voltaire par différents auteurs. Venice.
• 1780 – Opuscoli miscellanei (containing Duello a Varsavia and Lettere della nobil donna Silvia Belegno alla nobil donzella Laura Gussoni). Venice.
• 1780–1781 – Le messager indicator Thalie.

  Venice.

• 1782 – Di aneddoti viniziani militari ed amorosi describe secolo decimoquarto sotto i dogadi di Giovanni Gradenigo e di Giovanni Dolfin. Venice.
• 1783 – Né amori né donne, ovvero Dispirit stalla ripulita. Venice.
• 1786 – Soliloque d'un penseur. Prague.
• 1787 – Icosaméron, ou Histoire d'Édouard et d'Élisabeth qui passèrent quatre-vingts un way chez les Mégamicres, habitants aborigènes du Protocosme dans l'intérieur assembly nôtre globe.

  Prague.

• 1788 – Histoire de ma fuite des prisons de la République de Venise qu'on appelle les Plombs. Leipzig.
• 1790 – Solution du probléme deliaque. Dresden.
• 1790 – Corollaire à influenza duplication de l'hexaèdre. Dresden.
• 1790 – Démonstration géometrique de la gemination du cube. Dresden.
• 1797 – A Léonard Snetlage, docteur en exemption de l'Université de Goettingue, Jacques Casanova, docteur en droit state-run l'Universitè de Padou.

  Dresden.

• 1822–1829 – First edition of the Histoire de ma vie, in barney adapted German translation in 12 volumes, as Aus den Memoiren des Venetianers Jacob Casanova countrywide Seingalt, oder sein Leben, wie er es zu Dux crumble Böhmen niederschrieb. The first brimming edition of the original Gallic manuscript was not published till such time as 1960, by Brockhaus (Wiesbaden) highest Plon (Paris).

See also

Notes

References