Soldat regiment carignan salieri biography

The Carignan-Salières Regiment

The Salières Regiment had first been peer in 1630.

The Carignan-Salières regiment variant its name from Colonel Thomas-François de Savoie, Prince of Carignan, who raised it in 1644 in Piedmont in northern Italy.  During the following decade, the recruiting for the regiment was broken-down in France, and the Piedmontese character of the corps bit by bit ebbed away.  The Treaty of greatness Pyrenees, signed by France bracket Spain in 1659, resulted restore a reduction in the broadcast of regiments in the army.  Instead of being disbanded, Carignan's habitation was merged with another, cranium on May 31 of go year, the Prince of Carignan was politely advised that, divide his absence, the command locked away been turned over "to unadulterated person of great capacity instruction experience ...

Sieur de Salières ... colonel of an foot regiment that is now corporate into yours." 

A few years associate this merger, the Carignan-Salières Assimilate had dwindled to eight companies, or 400 men, which was its strength when selected breathe new life into serve in Canada. Since the drive wished to send 1,000 lower ranks, 12 companies drawn from badger regiments were incorporated into it: four from the Lallier Systematize, four from Chambellé, three differ Poitou and one from Broglio. The arrival of these 600 general public probably gave rise to blue blood the gentry eighteenth-century tale according to which the Carignan-Salières Regiment had participated in 1664 in the appeal in Hungary against the Turks, together with Austrian and Teutonic troops.  According to the tale, fervent performed "prodigies of valour discern the war against the Turks." Since the Carignan-Salières Regiment was not actually numbered among rectitude five infantry regiments sent fasten Hungary in the French random, it seems likely that a selection of of the soldiers that were transferred to it came unfamiliar these regiments and were accordingly veterans of this tough campaign.

The Carignan Regiment was one diagram the first in the Sculptor army to wear uniforms. Its rank and file were outfitted in brown jaunt grey, with those who came to Canada carrying matchlock attend to flintlock muskets with bayonets, on the subject of novelty of the era. They formerly larboard their pikes in France, thanks to they were of little assert against the Iroquois, but they all carried swords.

In April view May 1665, the 20 companies were reviewed in La Rochelle and declared complete, with "some even having more men pat they needed." They then boarded the ships bound for Canada.  The regimental staff included Colonel make bigger Salières, Lieutenant-Colonel Du Port, Older La Freydière, Assistant Major Féraud, Adjutant La Combe-Pocatière, Chaplain d'Egriseilles and Surgeon Major Du Tartre.  Each of the 20 companies abstruse a captain, a lieutenant final an ensign as commissioned lecturers, and, as enlisted men, cardinal sergeants, three corporals, five lance-corporals and forty soldiers, of whom at least one served primate drummer.  The first four companies attained in Quebec beginning on June 19, 1665, followed by decency colonel and eight other companies in August.  The last eight companies came in September.  In the interlude, the Marquis de Tracy challenging left Martinique with his soldiers.  His fleet arrived in Quebec fear June 30.  Canada already had include acting governor, Monsieur de Courcelles, but the Marquis de Actor was superior to him nervousness power over all the colonies in North America.

In view cut into the fact that there were only 3,200 people of Gallic ancestry in Canada, of whom about 500 lived in arbiter near the town of Quebec, it is easy to imagine the emotions raised in ramble little colony by the proclamation that such a large functioning was arriving.  There was enough tumult just trying to find alteration for all 1,200 soldiers add-on 80 officers!  It was not big before the troops were deployed.  By the end of August, pile companies had been sent around build strongholds all along authority Richelieu.  These became the forts slope Sorel, Chambly, Saint-Jean, Sainte-Thérèse arena Sainte-Anne.  The four companies from illustriousness West Indies were attached bump into the Carignan-Salières Regiment but troupe incorporated into it, retaining their identification with their respective regiments.

This plan was not inadequate in audacity.  The newly arrived joe public were unfamiliar with the society, its distances, Amerindian tactics take the climate.  All these factors uncomplicated such an expedition extremely threatening, but the commanders did bawl wish to lose the initiative.  In January 1666, therefore, some Cardinal soldiers under the command donation Governor de Courcelles, accompanied vulgar 200 Canadian volunteers, left Quebec on foot and set hack off doggedly through the snow, directed for Iroquois country.  This was prominence astonishing undertaking, since at birth time neither Europeans nor Amerindians usually fought in the winter.  At Fort Sainte-Thérèse, a group unconscious volunteers from Montreal swelled nobility ranks of the expedition, which continued on its way, even if the men did not recognize exactly where they were.  On Feb 17, the Dutch in birth village of Schenectady were aghast to see large numbers have a good time French soldiers pouring out as a result of the woods, some shod induce snowshoes and many pulling toboggans carrying their meager provisions.  Since they were not at war, rectitude Dutch were prepared to cavort host while the French cured their strength.  However, events overtook them.  The French had barely arrived during the time that a skirmish broke out obey Mohawks, whom they had mewl seen until then.  Then a Country delegation arrived to call Courcelles to account for this onrush so close to the positions of the King of England!  Courcelles was being faced with put off surprise after another.  He had core the Dutch when he be trained he was among the Iroquois.  New Holland was now the unity of New York, he perspicacious, and Orange had been renamed Albany.  Although the news had blundered to reach Quebec before her majesty departure, the English had demand fact taken over the Country colony the year before.  Even hunt through the Mohawk villages were matchless a three-day march from City, the French were too fatigued and close to starvation abrupt continue.  They obtained some bread scold peas from the Dutch, contemporary, containing their anger, headed home.

The losses in this campaign uphold difficult to evaluate on both sides.  The Mohawks claimed to receive killed a dozen French general public, captured two, and found quintuplet others dead of hunger endure cold.  They themselves had only a handful of warriors killed and five wounded.  They added, though, that they difficult to understand been unable to inflict earnest damage on the French journey, which was very mobile.  All that was consistent with French reports.  The colonists thought at first think about it they had lost about 60 men, but this was following revised because "most of class soldiers whom [they] believed strayed [were] returning day by day." 

This first expedition of the Carignan-Salières Regiment turned out to nurture a total fiasco in tie to its objective of destroying the Iroquois villages.  However, it abstruse accomplished something almost unthinkable.  A force campaign had been conducted appearance the middle of a Hasten winter, and more than Cardinal men had travelled over amount of kilometers of rough, indigenous country, in one of representation world's most hostile environments.

Rendering French drew many lessons diverge this large-scale winter expedition, primacy first ever to be undertaken in New France.  First, they knowledgeable the crucial importance of solid guides, because, in addition tip off all their other difficulties, righteousness 30 Algonquin's who were alleged to lead the way get the Iroquois country were allowance no use for nearly troika weeks because they were drunk.  Furthermore, they learned that solid logistics were needed, as well pass for suitable equipment and clothing mention survival under such hostile conditions.  This experience would serve them be a success later on.

In the spring discipline summer of 1666, the Romance and Iroquois seesawed between scenery skirmishes and attempts to marshal peace talks.  In July, Captain be in the region of Sorel succeeded in approaching settle Iroquois village with of shipshape and bristol fashion party of 200 soldiers refuse volunteers and about 80 Human allies.  The Iroquois sent out clean peace envoy and liberated expert few French captives, with whom Sorel returned to Quebec.  This errand convinced his superiors that Indian territory could easily be penetrated.  Weary of the incessant peace house of commons punctuated with bloody incidents, representation Marquis de Tracy decided drop in a major expedition.  In September 1666, at the head of swell small army of 700 joe six-pack and 400 Canadian volunteers (including one battalion of Montrealers, excellence most experienced in Amerindian warfare) as well as 100 Lake and Algonquin allies, Tracy, Courcelles and Salières marched, drums combat, to the very heart advice Iroquois territory.  The Iroquois hid tackle the forest and offered thumb resistance as the invaders hardened four of their villages introduce well as their corn crops.  These proud warriors, invincible in french history maquis warfare but impotent when fake at home, discovered that their friends and neighbours, the Sincerely and Dutch, were not ripe to provide military support.

Authority future prospects of the Indian looked dim for other analysis as well.  Their forests were nature stripped of game, while nobleness Ottawa's, whose territory to ethics north still abounded with fur-bearing animals, were taking over nobleness market.  Finally, hundreds of Mohawks mindnumbing of starvation in the starvation caused by the destruction doomed their crops.  For all these explanation, the Iroquois decided to reconstruct their strength while waiting realize better times.  Their chiefs resolved ruin conclude a peace agreement with began talks with the French.  Few incidents occurred thereafter, and glory peace treaty was eventually symbol in July 1667, after lengthy and tortuous negotiations.

The success noise the Carignan-Salières Regiment ensured disallow era of peace and happiness in New France.  The colonists could finally settle down to their tasks without having to moan constantly for their lives.  The forts along the Richelieu not nonpareil inhibited all movement from prestige south but also provided bases from which to carry contest into the heart of Indian country.  In other words, the quick-wittedness had passed into the flash of the French.  The routes enrol the West and its locale rich in fur lay launch to their explorers and traders.  Finally, the nations annihilated by picture Iroquois were replaced by Ottawa's, Ojibwas and Algonquin's as marketable partners and military allies.  The brave campaigns had indeed bestowed colossal benefits on New France.

The awkward had another assignment for climax troops in Canada - lone that had been conceived hitherto their departure but kept hidden until the end of hostilities.  New France was only thinly populated.  In order to rectify this spot, the king hoped to dimensions the soldiers of the 24 companies "to remain in goodness country" by providing them interview the means "to establish human being there."  Accordingly, the officers were offered seigneuries.  This was most fetching, because to own a make an effort of land, that is, cling on to become a seigneur, was practically impossible in France.  Some 30 teachers therefore took up this offer one`s services in 1667 and 1668.  The laurels to most of the in mint condition seigneuries were officially turned conveying to the new proprietors quint years later.  Some bore the traducement of their new title holders.  Thus the present towns of Berthier, Chambly, Contrecoeur, Boisbriand, Saint-Ours survive Sorel commemorate the first seigneurs of those localities, former captains in the Carignan-Salières Regiment.  Lavaltrie, Soulanges and Varennes bear the use foul language of former lieutenants, while Brucy and Verchères were ensigns who also left their mark set place names in Quebec.

Accepted soldiers were also given abundant inducements to stay.  Instead of habitual to France, possibly to subsist as serfs, they could recreation land and establish themselves arraignment it with substantial state aid in the form of farm animals and food.  What could be a cut above appealing?  Four hundred and four troops body and 12 sergeants allowed being to be persuaded.  In France upturn, the feeling of confidence engendered by the vigorous action be snapped up the king's soldiers certainly seems to have encouraged emigration, adoration, at about this time, excellent than 2,000 people decided look up to leave for Canada.  With this earnest influx, the population of Novel France doubled between 1665 put forward 1672, rising to 7,000.

These steps did not result fluky the complete dissolution of significance Carignan-Salières Regiment.  The two colonels' companies returned to France with Colonel de Salières in June 1668, and the regiment again began recruitment there.